• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Crane of a wind turbine (200), comprising a fixed part (1), a pivoting part (2) that joins with freedom of rotation to the fixed part (1), a support (3) that joins the part pivoting (2), a winch (4), a wiring system between the winch (4) and the support (3), and a guide to guide the wiring system in its path. The wiring system comprises a single cable (6), and the guide comprises a pulley (52) in the fixed part (1) to guide it through said fixed part (1), and a pulley (53) in the pivoting part (2) to guide it through said pivoting part (2). The cable (6) comprises a section (60) between the two pulleys (52, 53), which passes through the center of rotation of the pivoting part (2) with respect to the fixed part (1) connecting both parts (1, 2). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2665004A1
    申请号:ES201600888
    申请日:2016-10-24
    公开日:2018-04-24
    发明作者:Borja LOPEZ PIELAGO；Israel ALONSO BRAVO
    申请人:Gamesa Innovation and Technology SL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

     CRANE OF A WIND TURBINE DESCRIPTION SECTOR OF THE TECHNIQUE The present invention relates to cranes for wind turbines, and more specifically with cranes for wind turbines fixed in the wind turbine itself. PREVIOUS STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE The development of new wind turbines (or wind turbines) has resulted in an increase in their size and power. Large wind turbines allow more electrical power to be installed in the same location and reduce the visual impact of a wind farm formed by several wind turbines. Each wind turbine comprises a fixed tower that rises above the ground, and a gondola at the top of the tower. The gondola at least comprises a shovel (generally a plurality of blades), and an electric generator housed within a gondola cover. For its part, the electric generator comprises a stator and rotor to be able to generate electrical energy from the rotation of the rotor, and the rotor is connected to the blades rotating in solidarity with them. The blades are exposed to the wind, in such a way that they are adapted to rotate when they are pushed by the wind, said rotation being transmitted to the rotor that rotates in solidarity with them, thus generating the electric generator electrical energy. Thus, the blades are responsible for transforming the kinetic energy of the wind into rotational movement of the rotor, and the rotation of the rotor results in the generation of electrical energy. The increase in electric power (electrical energy) generated is directly related to the increase in the rotor dimensions of the wind turbine electric generator, and consequently the increase in the length of the wind turbine blades.As mentioned, the blades are exposed to the wind and are responsible for transforming the kinetic energy of the wind into rotational movement of the rotor (which results in the generation of electrical energy), thus representing a critical element of the wind turbine, if Not the most. For this reason, the blades are elements subject to preventive and corrective inspections for which it is usually necessary to disassemble them (disconnect them from the rotor) and lower them to the ground, to later hoist them again and reconnect them to the rotor once the necessary maintenance tasks have been performed on the ground (or where necessary). The same can happen with other elements of the gondola, which usually has a high weight and size that require large cranes to perform these tasks, as is the case with shovels. For this, maintenance operators use large cranes that allow moving large and heavy-duty rotors. These types of cranes are also very expensive, so the cost of installing a wind farm or the cost of maintenance are significantly increased by its use. In patent document US2015284218A 1 a crane arranged in the gondola of a wind turbine is disclosed to lift and lower heavy elements of the wind turbine. The crane comprises an anchor support for fixing it to the gondola, an external winch with cables, arranged near the base of the wind turbine tower, and a hook at one end of an arm of the crane where the element of hook is attached the wind turbine to move. The winch is connected through a double cable guide to a pulley that includes the hook, so that element can be lowered and hoisted by said crane. The double cable guide is used to guide two cables to the hook, in order to offer greater strength safely, and comprises a set of two wheels in a fixed part of the crane and a set of two wheels in the part pivoting of the crane, both assemblies being arranged in such a way that contact between the two cables is avoided.EXPOSURE OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is to provide a crane of a wind turbine to lift and lower heavy elements of the wind turbine, as defined in the claims. The crane of a wind turbine of the invention is adapted to be able to lift and lower heavy elements of the wind turbine, such as an electric generator for example. To perform these tasks, the crane is arranged in the wind turbine. The crane comprises a fixed part that is fixed to a part of the wind turbine, a pivoting part that is freely connected to the fixed part, a load support to support the heavy element to descend or hoist, attached to the part pivot, a winch that is arranged in the vicinity of the base of the wind turbine tower, a wiring system that extends between the winch and the load support, and a wiring guide to guide the wiring system from the winch to the load support through the fixed part and the moving part. The wiring guide thus comprises a first part attached to the fixed part of the crane, and a second part attached to the pivoting part of said crane. The wiring system comprises a single cable, and the wiring guide comprises at least one pulley attached to the fixed part of the crane to guide the single cable through the fixed part of the crane, and at least one pulley in the part pivoting of said crane to guide said single cable through the pivoting part of the crane. The single cable comprises a section of cable between the pulley of the fixed part and the pulley of the pivoting part, which connects the fixed part of the crane with the pivoting part of said crane. The pulley of the fixed part and the pulley of the pivoting part are further arranged in such a way that said cable section crosses the center of rotation of the pivoting part with respect to the fixed part.Thus, thanks to this configuration and in particular that the cable segment that joins both parts of the crane (fixed part and pivoting part) is in the center of rotation described, with the single cable the crane is able to withstand the necessary efforts to lift and lower the corresponding heavy element, without the need for an additional cable for this as in the state of the art. The use of a single cable makes it possible to reduce the number of pulleys needed in the crane, which simplifies its design and maintenance and also reduces its cost, and also avoids the complications derived from the use of two cables to support said heavy element. These and other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent in view of the figures and the detailed description of the invention. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1a is a perspective view of an embodiment of a crane according to the invention, fixed on a wind turbine. Figure 1b is another perspective view of the crane of figure 1 a. Figure 2 shows the crane of Figure 1 a, without the winch. Figure 3 schematically shows the crane of figure 1a. Figure 4 schematically shows the crane of figure 1a. Figure 5 shows the crane of Figure 1a, fixed to the gondola of the wind turbine, in operating conditions and without some of the elements of the gondola.DETAILED EXHIBITION OF THE INVENTION The crane 100 of a wind turbine 200 of the invention is adapted to raise and lower heavy elements of said wind turbine 200, such as an electric generator 204 for example. With reference to Figures 1 a and 1 b, the wind turbine 200 comprises a tower 201 fixed to the ground and a gondola 202 fixed to the top of the tower 201, the gondola 202 comprising an electric generator 204 therein and a plurality of 203 blades in operating conditions. As shown in the figures, the crane 100 comprises a fixed part 1, a pivoting part 2 that joins the fixed part 1 freely and which is arranged on the fixed part 1, a loading support 3 for supporting the heavy element to descend or hoist and which is connected to the pivoting part 2, a winch 4 that is preferably arranged in the vicinity of the base of the tower 201 of the wind turbine 200, a wiring system between the winch 4 and the load support 3, and a wiring guide to guide the wiring system from the winch 4 to the load support 3 through the fixed part 1 and the pivoting part 2. The wiring guide comprises a first joined part to the fixed part 1 of the crane 100, and a second part connected to the pivoting part 2 of said crane 100 Y which rotates with respect to the fixed part 1 integral with the pivoting part 2. The wiring system comprises a single cable 6 extending from winch 4 to the load support 3, passing through the fixed part 1 and the pivoting part 2 of the crane 100. The wiring guide comprises at least one pulley 52 in the first part to guide said single cable 6 through the fixed part 1 of the crane 100 Y which is attached to said fixed part 1, and at least one pulley 53 in the second part to guide said single cable 6 through the pivoting part 2 and which is connected to said pivoting part 2. The load support 3 it can comprise, for example, a hook to catch the element to be raised and / or descended (by means of examples), and the single cable 6 is released from the winch 4 or is wound on the winch 4 as itsaid element is lowered or hoisted. This generates a displacement of the single cable 6 in one direction or another depending on whether the element is being lowered or raised. During this displacement the pulleys of the wiring guide can rotate in one direction depending on the direction of movement of the single cable 6, with respect to its own axis. The single cable 6 comprises a cable section 60 between the pulley 52 of the first part and the pulley 53 of the second part, referenced in Figure 3, which connects the fixed part 1 of the crane 100 with the pivoting part 2 of said crane 100. Pulleys 52 and 53 are arranged in such a manner in the fixed part 1 and in the pivoting part 2 respectively, that the cable section 60 crosses the center of rotation of the pivoting part 2 with respect to the fixed part 1. Thanks to this configuration, the use of a single cable is allowed to lift and lower heavy elements in a simple way, so that the number of pulleys can be reduced and the complications derived from the use of two cables are avoided. In addition, the position of winch 4 is fixed while crane 100 is mobile and can rotate on itself. In this type of situation, to offer this freedom of rotation, pulleys and specific bearings are generally used for this purpose, and thanks to the proposed configuration of the crane 100, when the cable section 60 passes through the center of rotation of the part pivoting 2 with respect to the fixed part 1 (through the center of the mobile crane 100), the use of said pulleys and specific bearings can be avoided, which further simplifies the design of the crane 100. The cable section 60 is the section of the single cable 6 that is between both pulleys 52 and 53 at all times. The cable section extends substantially vertically between pulleys 52 and 53, such that the axes of both pulleys are arranged in the same vertical plane. The fixed part 1 comprises a base 10 that is fixed to the wind turbine 200, preferably to the gondola 202 of said wind turbine 200 as shown in the example of figure 5, and which serves as a support for the crane 100 , And a body ofcrane 11 arranged on the base 10. The pivoting part 2 of the crane 100 is freely connected to the crane body 11, and the crane body 11 preferably comprises, inside, a rotation mechanism not shown in the figures to cause rotation of the pivoting part 2 with respect to the fixed part 1. The operation of the rotation mechanism is not detailed, and any mechanism for this purpose known in the prior art can be used for example. The crane body is preferably cylindrical, and its axis is the axis of rotation with respect to which the pivoting part 2 operated by the rotation mechanism rotates. Preferably the wiring guide comprises at least two pulleys 51 and 52 in the first part (the part of the wiring guide attached to the fixed part 1 of the crane 100). A first pulley 51 is arranged on top of the winch 4 such that the single cable 6 extends substantially vertically from said winch 4 to said first pulley 51, above the base 10, Y is external to the crane body 11. The crane 100 comprises a static arm 9 fixed to the crane body 11 by one end and which supports the first pulley 51 at the other end, said pulley 51 being attached to said other end of said static arm 9. A second pulley 52 of the guide wiring is arranged inside the crane body 11, said second pulley 52 being the pulley from which the cable section 60 of the single cable 6 that crosses the center of rotation of the pivoting part 2 with respect to the fixed part 1 towards said pivoting part 2. In this way, the second pulley 52 is substantially centered inside the crane body 11, that is, it is arranged substantially on the central axis of the interior of the crane body 11, allowing since the cable section 6 thus crosses said center of rotation. The crane body 11 has a window not shown in the figures, to allow the passage of the single cable 6 from the first pulley 51 to the second pulley 52 and vice versa. Each pulley 51 and 52 comprises an axis on which it can rotate, and said axes are preferably horizontal and parallel to each other. In this way the single cable 6 extends between both pulleys so that it is at a higher height at the exit of the first pulley 51 towards the second pulley 52, than at the entrance of said second pulley 52 from said first pulley 51, and allows to support olderefforts Both axes are also in the same horizontal plane, which facilitates the path of the single cable 6 from one pulley to another and maintains tolerance to great efforts. The pivoting part 2 comprises a platform 22 attached to the rotation mechanism of the fixed part 1, and preferably arranged on the crane body 11, said rotation mechanism causing the rotation of said platform 22 with respect to said fixed part 1 to cause the rotation of said pivoting part 2. The pivoting part 2 comprises a vertical body 20 fixed at one end to the platform 22, such that it rotates integral with said platform 22 with respect to the fixed part 1. The pivoting part 2 further comprises a arm 21 attached to the opposite end of the vertical body 20 with freedom of rotation. The arm 21 is connected at one end and with freedom of rotation to the vertical body 20, rotating integral with said vertical body 20 with respect to the fixed part 1, and the loading support 3 is connected to the other end of the arm 21 rotating in solidarity with it both with respect to the fixed part 1 and with respect to the vertical body 21. In this way, the load support 3 presents two degrees of freedom which gives it the flexibility necessary to raise and lower the elements corresponding to the place, and from the required place: a first degree of freedom that corresponds to the rotation with respect to the fixed part 1 (provided by the rotation of the vertical body 20 with respect to said fixed part 1), and a second degree of freedom that corresponds with the rotation with respect to the vertical body 20 (provided by the rotation of the arm 21 with respect to said vertical body 20). The crane 100 preferably comprises a hydraulic cylinder 8 with a rod 8a, to cause the arm 21 to rotate with respect to the vertical body 20. A base 8b of the cylinder 8 is fixed to the platform 22, such that said cylinder 8 rotates in solidarity with said pivoting part 2, and one end of the rod 8a is attached to the arm 21, such that when its rod 8a extends or contracts, the displacement of said arm 21 is caused by the displacement of said rod 8a, said said being displacement of the arm 21 its rotation with respect to the vertical body 20.As mentioned, the wiring guide comprises at least one pulley 53 in the pivoting part 2 of the crane 100, the cable section 60 being between said pulley 53 and the pulley 52 comprising said wiring guide in the fixed part 1 The pulley 53 is fixed to the vertical body 21 of the pivoting part 2, with freedom of rotation with respect to its own axis, and the cable guide 5 comprises at least one additional pulley 54 in the arm 21, such that the Single cable 6 is guided in the two crane elements that are mobile with respect to the fixed part 1 (vertical body 20 and arm 21). Preferably, the wiring guide comprises an intermediate pulley 55 in its second part (the part connected to the pivoting part 2 of the crane 100), arranged between the pulleys 53 and 54 in the path of the single cable 6. The arrangement of the intermediate pulley 55 is such that its axis is the axis of rotation with respect to which the arm 21 rotates when it rotates with respect to the vertical body 20. In this way, the intermediate pulley 55 serves as a transition for the single cable 6 when passing from a first mobile element with respect to the fixed part (vertical body 20) to a second mobile element with respect to said fixed part (arm 21), and allows a more comfortable rotation of said second element (arm 21) with respect to said first element ( vertical body 20), while helping to support the corresponding heavy element. The intermediate pulley 55 is connected to the vertical body 20 and to the arm 21. Preferably the vertical body 20 comprises a form of "one at the top with two fins 20a facing each other, and the intermediate pulley 55 is disposed inside the" a between both fins 20a. The crane 100 comprises an axis 7 for attaching the intermediate pulley 55 to the vertical body 20, which crosses the center of the intermediate pulley 55, thus positioning said intermediate pulley 55 in said arrangement, and which is fixed to both fins 20a. The intermediate pulley 55 may rotate with respect to said axis 7, but not move longitudinally. Thus, the wiring guide comprises at least three pulleys 53, 54 and 55 in its second part which is connected to the pivoting part 2 of the crane 100, with freedom of rotation withregarding their respective axes. These axes are also parallel to each other, which facilitates the path of the single cable 6 from one pulley to another. The path followed by the single cable 6 between the winch 4 and the load support 3 is therefore defined as follows: the single cable 6 goes from the winch 4 to the pulley 51, of said pulley 51 to the pulley 52 , of said pulley 52 to the pulley 53 passing from the fixed part 1 of the crane 100 to the pivoting part 2, of said pulley 53 to the intermediate pulley 55, of said intermediate pulley 55 to the pulley 54, and of said pulley 54 to the load support 3. The load support 3 may further comprise a hook 30 for gripping the corresponding heavy element (with the help of a sling or other equivalent element for example), at least one additional pulley 31. 
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    CLAIMS 1. Crane of a wind turbine (200) to raise and lower heavy elements of said wind turbine (200), the wind turbine (200) comprising a tower (201) that is fixed to the ground and a nacelle (202) fixed to the upper part of the tower (201), the crane (100) comprising a fixed part (1), a pivoting part (2) that is arranged on the fixed part (1) and joins with freedom of rotation to said fixed part (1), a load support (3) to support the heavy element and that is attached to the pivoting part (2), a winch (4), a wiring system between the winch (4) and the load support ( 3), and a wiring guide to guide the wiring system from the winch (4) to the load support (3) through the fixed part (1) and the pivoting part (2), characterized in that the system The wiring system comprises a single cable (6), the wiring guide comprising at least one pulley (52) attached to the fixed part (1) of the crane (100) to guide said single cable (6) through said fixed part (1), and at least one pulley (53) attached to the pivoting part (2) of the crane (100) to guide said single cable (6) through said pivoting part ( 2) and which is attached to said pivoting part (2), and the single cable (6) comprising a section of cable (60) between the pulley (52) of the fixed part (1) of the crane (100) and the pulley (53) of the pivoting part (2) of the crane (100), connecting said fixed part (1) with said pivoting part (2), said pulleys (52, 53) being arranged in such a way that the cable (60) passes through the center of rotation of the pivoting part (2) with respect to the fixed part (1).
    [2]
    2. Crane of a wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein the cable section (6) of the single cable (6) arranged between the pulley (52) of the wiring guide joined to the fixed part (1) and the pulley (53) of said wiring guide attached to the pivoting part (2) extends vertically.
    [3]
    3. A wind turbine crane according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fixed part (1) comprises a base (10) that is fixed to the wind turbine (201) and a crane body (11) arranged on the base (10), the pivoting part being(2) of the crane (100) connected with freedom of rotation to the crane body (11) and the crane body (11) comprising a rotation mechanism to cause the rotation of the pivoting part (2) with respect to the part fixed (1), the wiring guide comprising two pulleys (51, 52) attached to the fixed part (1) of the crane (100), a first pulley (51) being arranged above the winch (4) and the base (10) and on the outside of the crane body (11), such that the single cable (6) extends substantially vertically from said winch (4) to said first pulley (51), and a second pulley (52) being arranged inside the crane body (11), starting the cable section (60) from the single cable (6) that passes through the center of rotation of the pivoting part (2) with respect to the fixed part (1) of said second pulley (52) substantially vertically.
    [4]
    4. A wind turbine crane according to claim 3, wherein the second pulley (52) of the wiring guide attached to the fixed part (1) of the crane (100) is arranged substantially on the central axis of the interior of the body crane (11).
    [5]
    5. A wind turbine crane according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the cable section (60) of the single cable (6) that passes through the center of rotation of the pivoting part (2) with respect to the fixed part (1 ) extends from the second pulley (52) of the wiring guide attached to the fixed part (1) of the crane (100) to the pulley (53) of said wiring guide attached to the pivoting part (2) of said crane (100).
    [6]
    6. A wind turbine crane according to any of claims 3 to 5, wherein the axes of the pulleys (51, 52) of the wiring guide attached to the fixed part (1) of the crane (100) are horizontal and parallel to each other, both axes being in the same horizontal plane.
    [7]
    7. Crane of a wind turbine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the pivoting part (2) comprises a platform (22) attached to the rotary mechanism of the fixed part (1), causing said mechanismrotation of said platform (22) with respect to said fixed part (1), a vertical body (20) fixed to the platform (22) by a lower end, and an arm (21) joined to an upper end of the vertical body (20), opposite to the lower end, with freedom of rotation with respect to said vertical arm (20), the wiring guide comprising at least one pulley (53) on the vertical body (20) and a pulley (54) on the arm (21) to guide the single cable (6) through the pivoting part (2) of the crane (100).
    [8]
    8. Guide of a wind turbine according to claim 7, wherein the wiring guide comprises an intermediate pulley (55) in the path of the single cable (6) arranged between the pulley (53) of the vertical body (20) and the pulley (53) of the arm (21), and attached to said vertical body (20) and said arm (21), the axis of said intermediate pulley (55) being the axis of rotation of the arm (21) with respect to the vertical body ( twenty).
    [9]
    9. A wind turbine crane according to claim 8, wherein the vertical body (20) comprises a "U" shape at the upper end with two facing fins (20a), the intermediate pulley (55) being arranged inside of the "U" between both fins (20a) and said crane (100) comprising an axis (7) to join the intermediate pulley (55) to the vertical body (20) and to the arm (21), which crosses the center of the intermediate pulley (55), which is concentric to the axis of said intermediate pulley (55) and which is fixed to both wings (20a).
    [10]
    10. A wind turbine crane according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the axes of the pulleys (53, 54, 55) of the cable guide attached to the pivoting part (2) of the crane (100) are parallel.
    [11]
    Wind turbine comprising a tower (201) that is fixed to the ground and a nacelle (202) fixed to the upper part of the tower (201), characterized in that it comprises a crane (100) according to any of the preceding claims.
    [12]
    12. Wind turbine according to claim 11, wherein the crane (100) is fixed to the nacelle (202).
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    ES201600888A|ES2665004B1|2016-10-24|2016-10-24|Crane of a wind turbine|ES201600888A| ES2665004B1|2016-10-24|2016-10-24|Crane of a wind turbine|
    EP17197291.2A| EP3312415A1|2016-10-24|2017-10-19|Crane of a wind turbine|
    US15/790,532| US10625993B2|2016-10-24|2017-10-23|Crane of a wind turbine|
    MX2017013603A| MX2017013603A|2016-10-24|2017-10-23|Crane of a wind turbine.|
    CN201710999845.XA| CN107973224A|2016-10-24|2017-10-24|The crane of wind turbine|
    BR102017022930-0A| BR102017022930A2|2016-10-24|2017-10-24|Wind Turbine and Wind Turbine Crane|
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